Ringfort (Rath), Ballinglen, Co. Wicklow

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballinglen, Co. Wicklow

In the forestry at Ballinglen, a set of concentric earthen rings sits quietly on a south-easterly slope, largely unnoticed by anyone passing through.

What makes this particular site unusual is not spectacle but structure: it is bivallate, meaning it has two enclosing banks rather than the single bank more commonly associated with Irish ringforts. That doubling, in a monument already thousands of years old, gives it a faint air of deliberate defensiveness, or perhaps simply of status.

Ringforts, known in Irish as raths when formed from earth rather than stone, were the most common settlement type in early medieval Ireland, typically dating from roughly the sixth to the twelfth century. They functioned as enclosed farmsteads, the banks and ditches defining a household's territory and offering some protection for livestock. This example at Ballinglen measures 36.5 metres in diameter and is defined by an inner earthen bank roughly 1.5 metres at its highest point, an external fosse (a defensive ditch) about half a metre deep, and a lower outer bank. The outer bank has been partly damaged during forestry planting, but enough survives to read the overall form clearly. The entrance faces south-east, with a gap of 1.7 metres through the inner bank and a wider opening of 3.2 metres through the outer, and a causeway crossing the fosse between them. Notably, the terminals of the outer bank curve inwards at the entrance, a feature sometimes interpreted as a means of funnelling and controlling movement into the enclosure. No internal features have been identified.

The site sits within forestry, which both preserves it from agricultural disturbance and makes it less immediately visible. The entrance causeway and the inward-turning bank terminals at the south-east are the most legible details on the ground, and worth looking for once the overall shape of the banks becomes apparent underfoot.

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