Rock art, Preban, Co. Wicklow

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Settlement Sites

Rock art, Preban, Co. Wicklow

Lying in the eastern section of a graveyard in Preban, County Wicklow, is a thin slab of schist that carries marks far older than anything else around it.

Measuring just under a metre in length and roughly sixty centimetres wide, it is an unassuming thing to encounter among the grave markers, yet one face of it is covered in 23 cup marks, the shallow, roughly circular depressions that constitute some of the oldest known form of human carving in Ireland.

Cup marks are a type of prehistoric rock art found across Ireland and Britain, their precise purpose still unknown. Theories range from ritual or astronomical significance to boundary marking, but no consensus has emerged. On this particular slab, the cups are randomly scattered rather than arranged in any obvious pattern, averaging three to four centimetres across and up to two centimetres deep, with the largest reaching five centimetres in diameter. The stone itself is schist, a metamorphic rock with a layered structure that tends to split and flake over time, and the surface of this slab shows exactly that kind of deterioration, most visibly along one edge. The opposite face carries no markings at all, which may reflect deliberate choice on the part of whoever made them, or simply the condition of that side of the stone when it was worked. What brought a carved prehistoric slab into a graveyard in Wicklow is not recorded; it may have been reused as a grave marker at some point, a fate that was not unusual for ancient stones in rural Ireland.

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