Ring-ditch, Farrankelly, Co. Wicklow

Co. Wicklow |

Ritual/Ceremonial

Ring-ditch, Farrankelly, Co. Wicklow

A ring-ditch is, broadly speaking, the circular trench that once surrounded a prehistoric burial mound; when the mound itself erodes away over millennia, the ditch is often all that survives, showing up as a crop mark in dry summers when the soil above it retains more moisture than the ground around it.

At Farrankelly in Co. Wicklow, it was exactly this kind of aerial signal that first drew attention to a corner of a housing development site. A Google Earth image taken in July 2013 showed not one but two such circular marks sitting inside a larger, plectrum-shaped enclosure, all of them invisible at ground level, all of them waiting.

The site came to light properly through a sequence of investigations. In 2015, Joanna Leigh carried out a gradiometer survey that confirmed two circular ditch-type responses, one roughly 11.25 metres and the other 12.25 metres in diameter, both apparently contained within the outer enclosure. Testing followed in 2017, led by Rob Lynch and Enda Lydon of IAC Archaeology, and when full excavation finally took place in 2020, directed by Muireann Ní Cheallacháin during construction works by Cairn Homes, the complexity of what lay beneath became clear. The eastern ring-ditch, about ten metres in diameter and sitting roughly seven metres from its western counterpart, had been deliberately backfilled at some point. Stone had been laid along its southern and south-western arc, and within the upper fills, excavators found cremated bone, charcoal-rich deposits, sherds of prehistoric pottery, and a considerable quantity of flint debitage, the waste flakes left over from knapping stone tools. A small pit dug into the ring-ditch's upper fill contained a concentrated deposit of cremated bone, described as a token cremation burial, the placing of a symbolic rather than a complete set of human remains. A possible posthole located about two metres away from this pit may have served as a marker above it. The broader area also contained a flat cemetery, further token cremation pits, and a large stone-lined kiln. The assemblage as a whole is thought to be Bronze Age in date, consistent with other sites recorded across the surrounding Wicklow landscape.

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