Enclosure, Tubbrid, Co. Kilkenny

Co. Kilkenny |

Enclosures

Enclosure, Tubbrid, Co. Kilkenny

There is nothing to see at this site, and that is precisely what makes it interesting.

On the south-western slope of low hills above a quiet valley in County Kilkenny, a circular enclosure roughly 36 metres across once sat in the landscape. It was recorded on the first edition Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1839, still present on the 1900 revision, and then, sometime in the 1960s, it was gone. Earthwork enclosures of this kind are among the most common archaeological monument types in Ireland, typically the remains of a ringfort or rath, a farmstead enclosed by a raised bank and ditch that might date anywhere from the early medieval period onwards. This one did not survive long enough to be studied at ground level.

Correspondence from the Office of Public Works dating to January through June 1962 connects its disappearance to Land Project Works, a mid-twentieth century agricultural improvement scheme that reshaped considerable stretches of the Irish countryside, levelling earthworks that had stood for centuries in the interest of more efficient farming. The enclosure at Tubbrid was not alone. Four further enclosures, all recorded on the 1839 map, once lay within roughly 250 metres of this one, clustered to the north and north-west. All of them have since been levelled as well. What was, by the evidence of the first edition map, a genuinely dense concentration of ancient enclosed settlements is now ordinary farmland with good views in all directions and no surface trace of what preceded it.

The enclosure did not disappear entirely, however. Satellite imagery captured on 28 June 2018 revealed it as a cropmark, the buried ditch and bank influencing the growth of crops above them just enough to be legible from altitude. Cropmarks of this kind appear most reliably during dry summers, when moisture retained in buried features causes the vegetation directly above them to grow or ripen differently from the surrounding soil. The enclosure endures, in other words, but only in a form visible to cameras pointed downward from space rather than to anyone walking the field.

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