Enclosure, Canvarstown, Co. Kilkenny

Co. Kilkenny |

Enclosures

Enclosure, Canvarstown, Co. Kilkenny

On a gentle northward slope in County Kilkenny, a roughly circular earthwork sits half-forgotten between a valley floor and a ridge, its interior now swallowed by trees and scrub.

At around 63 metres north to south and 65 metres east to west, it is a substantial feature on the land, yet easy to overlook precisely because the vegetation has reclaimed it so completely. What marks it out is the combination of its earthen bank and, in the north-east sector, a wide flat-bottomed fosse, the term for the external ditch that typically accompanied such enclosures, here measuring roughly four metres across and a metre deep. The bank itself rises to about 1.75 metres on the exterior, considerably more modest on the inside, suggesting a structure designed at least in part with defence or demarcation in mind.

The earliest cartographic record of the site appears on the first edition Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1839, which captures the enclosure when it was still legible as a near-complete form. Even then, the landscape was beginning to impose itself on the archaeology: a townland boundary ran north-east to south-west just north of the centre, and field boundaries cut into the north-east and south-west quadrants from both directions. The south-western sector of the bank appears to have been straightened at some point, possibly reshaped to align with one of these field boundaries rather than to follow its original curve. By the time of the 1900 revision, the southern portion had been planted with trees and a farm roadway was skirting the south-east quadrant. The enclosure was, in other words, being quietly absorbed into the working agricultural landscape around it, its original purpose long since passed and its form increasingly a convenience for whoever held the land. Earthwork enclosures of this general type in Ireland are often associated with early medieval settlement, functioning as a ringfort, a category of monument extremely common across the Irish countryside, where a raised bank and ditch defined a domestic or farming space. Whether that applies here is not confirmed, but the scale and form are consistent with that tradition.

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