Enclosure (Large), Raheenduff, Co. Kilkenny

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Enclosures

Enclosure (Large), Raheenduff, Co. Kilkenny

What looks from the air like a slightly irregular field boundary in the marshland of Raheenduff, County Kilkenny, is, on closer inspection, the ghost of something considerably older and larger.

A circular enclosure roughly 80 metres in diameter once occupied the brow of an east-facing slope here, its presence defined by a wide earthen bank. That bank has since been levelled, but the curvilinear field boundary that replaced it traces what may well be the outer perimeter of the original structure, preserving the shape in the landscape long after the bank itself was lost.

The enclosure was clearly visible on the first edition Ordnance Survey six-inch map, produced in 1839, where it appears as a distinct circular feature defined by that wide bank. By the time of the 1947 OS revision, it was still recognisable on the map, though a field boundary had by then been established running along the external base of the bank, suggesting the earthwork was already being absorbed into the working agricultural landscape. Enclosures of this scale in Ireland are often associated with early medieval settlement, the ringfort being the most common type, a circular raised platform enclosed by one or more earthen banks and ditches used to define a farmstead and its immediate territory. What makes the Raheenduff example particularly legible despite its degraded condition is what satellite imagery has revealed in the sector where no field boundary runs, specifically the southern and south-western arc of the circuit. There, a wide fosse, that is, a ditch, approximately five metres across, remains detectable, suggesting the original enclosure was defined not only by a raised bank but also by a substantial external ditch.

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