Enclosure, Rathduff, Co. Kilkenny
Co. Kilkenny |
Enclosures
A circular enclosure at Rathduff in County Kilkenny exists, in the most literal sense, only as a shadow in a field.
No wall, no bank, no visible earthwork marks it from the ground; the site passed unrecorded through the Ordnance Survey's first detailed mapping of Ireland in 1839, and a revision carried out in 1948 missed it again. What eventually gave it away was a dry summer and a low-flying aircraft.
Cropmarks, the faint differential in how crops ripen over buried features, revealed the outline when aerial photographs were taken on 9 July 1969. The inner fosse, a term for a defensive or boundary ditch dug around a settlement or enclosure, traces a circle roughly 38 metres in diameter. A second, outer fosse appears as a concentric arc about 15 metres beyond the first, though only in the northern sector; the rest of it seems to have been cut through by field boundaries, one running roughly north-north-west to south-south-east along the western side of the enclosure, another running east-north-east to west-south-west across the south. Whether those boundaries obliterated the outer ditch or simply obscured it, the practical result is that the double-ditched plan, which would have given this place a more imposing presence in its original form, survives only partially in the cropmark record. A second aerial photograph taken in 1995 confirmed what the earlier image had shown. The site belongs to a broad class of circular enclosures found across Ireland, many of which are understood to be ringforts, the enclosed farmsteads that were the dominant settlement type of the early medieval period, though without excavation any such identification here remains provisional.