The structure at Kilkeasy came to light in 2006 during excavations carried out ahead of the N9/N10 Kilcullen to Waterford Road Scheme, the kind of infrastructure project that, almost incidentally, has transformed Irish prehistory over the past few decades. What the excavators uncovered was modest in scale but quietly extraordinary in age: a rectangular building just five metres long and four and a half metres wide, oriented east to west, and constructed using a combination of shallow slot-trenches and post-holes. Slot-trenches are narrow linear cuts dug to receive a wall beam or foundation timber, and together with the post-holes they defined a small enclosed interior of roughly 22.5 square metres.

Radiocarbon dating placed the structure firmly in the Early Neolithic, with determinations of 3710 to 3530 cal BC, meaning people were living here well over five and a half thousand years ago. The material found inside reinforced that date: 79 sherds from at least 11 Early Neolithic carinated bowls, a style of rounded, shouldered pottery characteristic of the earliest farming communities in Ireland and Britain, along with 62 pieces of worked flint and stone. Outside the east wall, a charcoal-rich hearth had been used, and internal features suggest the single space was divided in some way. Large pits at the corners of the structure hint at substantial upright posts anchoring the building. About 20 metres to the north, a cluster of roasting and refuse pits produced similar dates, suggesting this was not simply a solitary dwelling but part of a wider area of activity. A separate date of 2880 to 2580 cal BC from a central pit points to people returning to or continuing to use the site several centuries after the house itself was occupied, well into what would conventionally be called the later Neolithic.