Ringfort (Rath), Beal, Co. Kerry
Co. Kerry |
Ringforts
The Irish name for this earthwork near Beal in north Kerry translates, with pleasing specificity, as "fort of the fuller or napper", referring to someone who worked cloth, stretching and finishing it by hand.
That a ringfort on the edge of the Shannon estuary should preserve the memory of a textile trade in its very name is the kind of quiet detail that tends to get lost in broader accounts of early medieval Ireland.
A rath, to use the Irish term, is a roughly circular enclosure defined by an earthen bank and, often, a surrounding ditch. They were built in their thousands across Ireland, predominantly between the sixth and tenth centuries, and served as farmsteads or small defended settlements. This particular example, recorded under the variant names Lissmookera and Lissanookera, is a univallate rath, meaning it has a single enclosing bank rather than the double or triple rings found at higher-status sites. The bank itself is still well-defined: two metres high on the outer face, somewhat lower on the inside, and five metres wide at the base, enclosing a roughly circular interior some twenty-seven metres across from north to south. To the south and west, a flat-bottomed fosse, the ditch that would have complemented the bank as a defensive or demarcating feature, survives to an average depth of about one metre. Two gaps in the bank, one facing north and one east, each around three metres wide, mark the original entrance points. The rath sits in a corner of a field, with existing fieldbanks running along its northern and eastern sides, which gives some sense of how later agricultural boundaries came to wrap themselves around much older ones. Its position offers clear views over the River Shannon and the surrounding low ground, a siting typical of these structures, where visibility and a degree of elevation mattered.