Ringfort (Rath), Cathair Deargáin Theas, Co. Kerry

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Ringfort (Rath), Cathair Deargáin Theas, Co. Kerry

What sets Cathair Deargáin Theas apart from the many ringforts scattered across the Dingle Peninsula is what survives inside its bank as much as the bank itself.

A univallate rath, meaning a ringfort enclosed by a single defensive circuit, this one on the gentle north-western slopes of Reenconnell carries an interior that is almost entirely paved with the rubble of collapsed stone huts, six or seven of them in various states of ruin, their walls reduced to low spreads of stone. The enclosing bank, which rises up to 4.5 metres above the bottom of the surrounding fosse, is faced on its inner side with drystone masonry that, in places, survives as a stepped or terraced surface of up to three distinct treads. That internal stonework, reaching nearly 2.8 metres in height in its best-preserved sections, gives the site an unusually solid, almost architectural quality for what is essentially an earthwork.

The fosse itself, the wide ditch that rings the bank, measures between 6 and 7.6 metres across and cuts up to 2 metres below the external ground level, though the north-western quadrant has completely disappeared. The original entrance appears to have been a gap 2.2 metres wide on the north side, with a narrower secondary gap cut later through the north-west. Among the hut-sites within, one of the more legible measures roughly 6.4 by 6 metres internally, its floor depressed below the surrounding ground, while a smaller structure appears to have been sliced through when the secondary entrance was made. Two further huts seem to have been conjoined against the eastern bank. Adding a further layer of interest, the antiquarian John Windele, writing in 1838, described underground passages in the interior, entered from beneath a stone-covered gallery, and Thomas Johnson Westropp noted souterrains there in 1897. Souterrains are underground stone-lined passages or chambers, typically associated with early medieval settlement, and while both observers clearly saw something, nothing of the kind is visible today.

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