Enclosure, Coolnagoppoge, Co. Kerry

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Enclosures

Enclosure, Coolnagoppoge, Co. Kerry

On a wet hillslope outside Kilgarvan in south Kerry, someone once went to considerable trouble to create a level patch of dry ground where none would otherwise exist.

The result is a rectangular enclosure, roughly 18 metres by 10 metres, whose southern end has been raised nearly a metre above the surrounding terrain simply by building up the earth, with no wall or bank at that edge at all. The boundary there is, in a sense, the ground itself: the interior is higher than the exterior, and that elevation is the enclosure. It is an oddly logical solution to the problem of boggy upland ground, and it is the kind of thing that is easy to walk past without quite registering what you are looking at.

The site was identified by John Cronin and Associates during pre-development survey work for a wind farm project in the Coolnagoppoge townland, carried out under licence in 2016. The enclosure is aligned northeast to southwest, following the fall of the slope. Moving uphill along its length, the artificial platform gradually levels off with the surrounding ground, so that the northern end required much less engineering. Where boundaries do exist, they consist of a modest stone and earth bank on the western side and northern end, no more than half a metre wide and at most 0.3 metres high. The eastern side, still somewhat elevated above the natural surface outside, is accompanied by a ditch running parallel to it, dropping roughly a metre below the interior level. A possible shallower ditch was also noted outside the western edge. What it was all for remains genuinely uncertain. The scale seems too generous for simply drying peat or stacking cocks of hay cut from fionnán, the purple moor grass that grows across these hillsides. A livestock pen is the more plausible reading. But at the southern end, surveyors noted a levelled space measuring approximately 3.8 metres east to west by 2.6 metres north to south, consistent in size with a small hut, which raises the possibility that the enclosure doubled as a seasonal habitation as well as an animal enclosure. Much of the interior is now covered in rushes, though the ground within remains noticeably drier than the hillside around it, a quiet echo of whoever first decided this particular spot was worth improving.

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