Ringfort (Rath), Greenaun [Tirawley By.), Co. Mayo
Co. Mayo |
Ringforts
On a low knoll above the undulating pastures of Greenaun in north Mayo, a broadly oval enclosure sits with quiet authority, its outer defences still reading clearly in the landscape despite centuries of weathering and neglect.
This is a rath, the most common type of ringfort in Ireland, typically a circular or near-circular enclosure defined by one or more earthen banks and ditches, used as a farmstead and place of protection during the early medieval period. What makes this particular example worth attention is how the natural topography has been folded into its design, the steep natural fall of the knoll substituting for, and in places amplifying, the constructed defences.
The enclosure measures roughly 24.5 metres north to south and 21 metres east to west, making it a modest but coherent site. It is defined by a stony earthen inner bank, a fosse (a defensive ditch, typically dug to throw up material for the bank beside it), and an outer bank beyond that. The inner bank, reduced on much of its circuit to little more than a scarp, retains a more noticeable internal lip on the southern half; but its external face, rising up to nearly three metres on the south-west where the knoll's own slope adds to its height, would once have presented a formidable obstacle. At the north and east, where the ground falls away most sharply, the fosse and outer bank resolve into a series of terraces rather than conventional ditching, the steepest of these dropping 1.8 metres on its outer face, with a further narrow shelf below before the ground levels out. On the west and north-west, erosion has softened the outer bank considerably.
At the south-east, a two-metre gap in the inner bank, with traces of a possible causeway across the fosse, may mark the original entrance, though the evidence is inconclusive. Immediately inside, a depression of around five by four metres, largely smothered by overgrowth, hints at some disturbance or former feature whose nature is now unclear. The banks themselves are lined with ash and hawthorn, and brambles have colonised much of the interior, giving the site the slightly impenetrable quality common to long-undisturbed earthworks. The vegetation is both a nuisance and a kind of preservation, keeping the ground beneath largely untroubled.