Ringfort (Rath), Ranaranny, Co. Mayo
Co. Mayo |
Ringforts
A modern field fence runs straight through the middle of this ancient enclosure, dividing it as casually as any other patch of Mayo farmland.
That detail says a great deal about the quiet fate of many Irish ringforts, and about how thoroughly these early medieval structures can be absorbed into the working landscape over the centuries.
A rath is an earthen ringfort, typically circular or oval in plan, built and occupied during the early medieval period in Ireland, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries. They served as enclosed farmsteads, the bank and ditch forming a boundary around a family's dwelling and animals. The example at Ranaranny sits on top of a ridge, a position that would have given its original occupants commanding views over the gently rolling terrain in every direction, useful both for watching livestock and for keeping an eye on who was approaching. The enclosure is oval in plan, measuring just under 29 metres on its longer axis and just over 24 metres on the shorter, and is defined by a sandy earthen bank. That bank survives to a reasonable external height of 0.9 metres on the south-western side, though on the north-eastern to south-south-eastern arc it has been worn down to little more than a scarp, a low sloping edge where the original profile has been lost. The interior is level and grassy for most of its area, with a slight fall towards the east in the north-eastern quadrant. A townland boundary stream or drain runs approximately 100 metres to the west.
What a visitor would find today is a monument in active agricultural use. A farm track skirts the south-western to north-eastern side of the rath, running immediately outside the bank and cutting into its outer slope in places. The fence bisecting the interior follows a roughly north-north-east to south-south-west line, and there is a small area of disturbance just outside the bank at the south-south-west. None of this is unusual for Irish ringforts in pastoral land; the enclosure at Ranaranny is a reminder of how often these sites survive not through any particular protection but simply because an oval grass-covered rise is easier to farm around than to remove entirely.