Ringfort (Rath), Ballyglass, Co. Mayo

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Ringfort (Rath), Ballyglass, Co. Mayo

In the corner of a pasture field in Ballyglass, County Mayo, a circle of blackthorn and hawthorn has quietly swallowed the remains of an early medieval settlement.

The trees and scrub are not incidental; they have become the most visible feature of a ringfort that is otherwise easy to miss, tucked as it is into a fold on the north-western slope of a ridge, with open views westward but rising ground cutting off sight-lines to the east and south.

A ringfort, or rath, was typically the enclosed farmstead of an early medieval family, its earthen bank defining a boundary between domestic space and the wider landscape. This example at Ballyglass is roughly circular, measuring around 31 metres north to south, and its bank varies considerably depending on where you measure. At the north-east, the bank is about 3 metres wide; at the south-west, it broadens to 5.2 metres and rises to an external height of 2.3 metres, making the southern half noticeably more substantial than the northern. The bank itself is composed of sandy, silty soil and is capped in places with a thin scatter of stones. Just outside the bank at the south-west, there is a slight depression approximately 2.6 metres wide that may represent the remnant of a fosse, the defensive ditch that often accompanied such enclosures. It is not entirely certain, since naturally rising ground in that area could have produced a similar effect. A modern field fence runs along the eastern side of the monument, separated from the bank by a gap of about 5 metres.

The interior of the rath is now entirely engulfed in blackthorn scrub, and hawthorn and hazel ring the perimeter thickly enough to make the earthworks difficult to assess from close quarters. That density of growth is partly what preserves the site, discouraging disturbance, but it also means the geometry of the bank is best appreciated by stepping back and reading the landscape rather than pushing through the thicket itself.

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Pete F
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