Ringfort (Rath), Carrownageeragh, Co. Mayo
Co. Mayo |
Ringforts
What looks at first glance like a slightly odd hummock of farmland in County Mayo is, on closer inspection, the remains of a rath, an earthen ringfort of the kind built across Ireland during the early medieval period, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries, as enclosed farmsteads for individual families and their livestock.
This one sits at the top of a west-facing slope at Carrownageeragh, straddling the break of the hillside, with a stream running along the base of the slope some two hundred metres to the west. That positioning is typical: ringfort builders favoured elevated ground with water nearby, combining natural drainage with a degree of visibility over the surrounding land.
The enclosure is roughly circular, measuring approximately thirty-eight metres on its longer axis, and its most impressive surviving feature is an earthen scarp that reaches 3.4 metres in height along its better-preserved arc, running from the south-southwest around through north to the north-northeast. Remnants of stone walling sit along the top of this bank, though these are thought to be the remains of a later field wall rather than original construction. Beyond the main scarp, on the outer side, lies a broad fosse, essentially a ditch and terrace roughly five and a half metres wide, with its own external bank of earth and stone rising to about a metre. This layered arrangement, inner bank, ditch, outer bank, is the classic defensive and enclosing logic of the rath. The eastern portion of the ringfort has fared less well: the scarp fades out and is entirely levelled on that side, flush with the surrounding field surface. The outer bank, meanwhile, has been absorbed into the working farm, serving as a field fence and carrying a post-and-wire fence along its top, with hazel and thorn bushes growing along much of its length and a farm track skirting the northern edge.