Ringfort (Rath), Liskilleen, Co. Mayo

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Liskilleen, Co. Mayo

Most ringforts in Ireland are enclosed by a single bank and ditch, which makes the one at Liskilleen something of an outlier.

This oval earthwork sits atop a ridge in pasture land and is defined by three concentric earthen banks, each standing close to two metres high, with two external fosses, or ditches, running between them. That level of defensive elaboration, three banks rather than one, places it among a more complex category of ringfort sometimes called a multivallate rath, a form generally associated with higher-status settlements from the early medieval period, roughly the fifth to twelfth centuries. A ringfort or rath was typically a farmstead enclosure, the residence of a single farming family, and the number of banks around it is thought to reflect the occupant's social rank and the effort they could command to build it.

The banks themselves show evidence of stone revetment, meaning their inner or outer faces were reinforced with stonework to keep the earthen material from slumping. The entrance, 2.3 metres wide, faces east, a common orientation in Irish ringforts, and the outer bank has been levelled along its northern to eastern arc, either through deliberate clearance or gradual agricultural erosion over many centuries. Additional gaps appear on the south-west, north, and north-north-east. A stone field fence, of the kind that has subdivided Irish farmland since at least the post-medieval period, now encloses the site and partly overlies the outer bank, a detail that quietly illustrates how the landscape has continued to be worked and reorganised long after the original structure fell out of use. The site was recorded in D. Lavelle's 1994 archaeological survey of the Ballinrobe district, which covered the areas around Lough Mask and Lough Carra in south County Mayo.

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