Burial ground, Poll An Chapaill, Co. Mayo

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Burial Grounds

Burial ground, Poll An Chapaill, Co. Mayo

In the sand dunes fringing a small inlet off Broad Haven Bay, on the north-east coast of the Mullet Peninsula in County Mayo, erosion gradually undid what burial had long concealed.

As dune sand shifted and slumped, human bones began to surface, along with shells and burnt organic material, prompting an excavation in 1992 that revealed a modest but quietly unsettling burial ground, one that had been sitting, largely invisible, on top of an even older layer of human occupation.

Before the excavators arrived, what was visible above ground amounted to little more than a low, grass-covered sandy rise, roughly seven metres by ten and about a metre high, its northern edge already being eaten away. Beneath it, seven grave plots came to light, each marked by low rectangular arrangements of beach cobbles, edged with fragments of schist and flat stones, and in some cases by small upright stones, all uninscribed. The graves held extended burials, though their orientations were inconsistent: some lay with the head to the east, as was broadly conventional in Christian burial practice, others to the west or north-west. Three of the graves contained the remains of wooden coffins, identified by iron nails and fragments of timber, and one coffin held a double burial, two individuals interred together. Clothing fibre and brass buttons were also recovered, small but telling material details. The skeletal remains belonged to at least seven individuals: two adult men, two adult women, a child of nine or ten years, and two infants. A radiocarbon date of 123 BP, combined with the coffin evidence and the brass buttons, places the burials somewhere within the broad span of the late seventeenth to early twentieth century. What the bones themselves told was harder to absorb: the oldest adult had died between forty and fifty years of age, while the others had not reached their forties. Signs of nutritional deficiency, infection, and degenerative joint disease were present across the remains.

The burial ground sits above an early medieval habitation site, into which the graves had been cut at some considerably later date, layering one community's dead over an earlier community's living space. The excavated area covered only the zone disturbed by erosion, and it is considered likely that further burials remain undisturbed within the wider dune system, their extent still unknown.

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