Ringfort (Cashel), Kilfenora, Co. Clare

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Cashel), Kilfenora, Co. Clare

There is no obvious way in.

The cashel near Kilfenora sits on a gentle rise among overgrown karst limestone and marshy pasture, its massive enclosing wall so thoroughly collapsed and grassed over that it now reads more as a broad, lumpy earthwork than as the stone fortification it once was. Several gaps interrupt the circuit, but none of them resolves into a definite original entrance. A wall seven metres wide and reaching up to four metres in height has effectively melted into the ground over centuries, leaving only an intermittent single course of outer facing to hint at what was once a substantial structure of rectangular limestone blocks packed around a rubble core.

A cashel is a type of ringfort built from stone rather than earthen banks and ditches, and this one enclosing a subcircular area roughly 31 metres across was already in a sorry state when the antiquarian T. J. Westropp visited and wrote about it in 1915. He described it as greatly overturned, noting surviving outer facing to the south and west but a fewest interior offering little to interpret. The Ordnance Survey had mapped it as far back as the 1840 edition of the six-inch map, and again in the 1916 edition, using the hachure marks that surveyors employed to indicate earthworks and ancient enclosures. The interior today sits slightly lower than the surrounding field level, an undulating surface of coarse pasture and limestone outcrops, within which two smaller subrectangular stone enclosures survive, their walls now barely a quarter of a metre high. The low flat ground to the south, possibly a dried-up lake-bed edged by a two-metre scarp, would have made this modest rise a meaningful piece of ground in an early medieval landscape. A second cashel lies roughly 88 metres to the east-southeast, suggesting this part of the Burren fringe once held a density of enclosed settlement that the scrub and brambles have since quietly swallowed.

One additional caution for anyone trying to read the site: a mostly removed stone field wall running along the northern exterior creates a convincing but false impression of an outer enclosing wall, and a rectangular enclosure immediately to the east is simply a modern paddock. The archaeology and the working farmland have grown into each other in ways that make the boundaries between them genuinely difficult to unpick on the ground.

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Pete F
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