Megalithic tomb - court tomb, Shanballyedmond, Co. Tipperary
Co. Tipperary |
Megalithic Tombs
On the north-eastern slope of Cullaun Mountain in County Tipperary, a Neolithic court tomb sits partly restored and quietly legible, its stones arranged in a way that repays close attention.
What makes it particularly interesting is not just its age but its structural complexity: a U-shaped kerbed cairn, roughly 12.5 metres long, enclosing a two-chambered gallery preceded by an open forecourt. Court tombs, a type of megalithic monument found across Ireland and dating to the Neolithic period, typically feature exactly this arrangement, where a roofless stone court at the entrance seems to have served some communal or ceremonial function before the enclosed burial chambers proper.
Excavation in 1958, carried out by O'Kelly, revealed the tomb in considerable detail. The forecourt at the north-east, just over three metres wide, leads into the gallery through two transversely set jambs, the upright stones that frame the entrance. A tall jamb and a low sill divide the front chamber from the inner one, which at three metres long is the larger of the two. Behind the gallery, a row of three closing stones seals the structure, and beside them stand two further stones interpreted as non-functional jambs, present in form but serving no structural purpose, a detail that archaeologists have found difficult to explain. Perhaps the most intriguing discovery was a ring of thirty-four post-holes running about two metres outside the kerb, curving around the sides and back of the monument and turning inwards at the front to meet the ends of the court. This suggests the entire structure was once encircled by a timber setting, the traces of which would have been invisible until excavation. About a metre in front of the monument lay a gapped line of low stones, eight metres long, orientated at right angles to the tomb's long axis. Six separate deposits of human bone were recovered, though only one, from a pit in the inner chamber, was found undisturbed. Among the other finds were flint arrowheads and fragments of pottery, all dating to the Neolithic period.