Fulacht fia, Birdhill, Co. Tipperary

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Settlement Sites

Fulacht fia, Birdhill, Co. Tipperary

On flat, poorly drained ground near Birdhill in County Tipperary, a low mound of burnt and fire-cracked stone sits quietly in a field, cut through on its southern edge by a farm boundary fence.

It is not much to look at, but it belongs to one of the most widespread and enigmatic monument types in the Irish landscape.

A fulacht fia is a prehistoric cooking site, typically dating from the Bronze Age, consisting of a horseshoe-shaped mound of shattered stone accumulated beside a water trough, usually timber-lined and sunk into the ground. The method involved heating stones in a fire and dropping them into the trough to bring water to the boil. The stones, cracked by repeated heating and cooling, were then discarded into the surrounding mound. Thousands of these sites survive across Ireland, almost always on low-lying, waterlogged ground where water was easily accessible, which explains their consistent appearance on terrain just like this. The Birdhill example is roughly circular rather than the classic horseshoe form, measuring around 7.5 metres north to south and 8 metres east to west, with the mound reaching 0.9 metres in height. Notably, no trough has been identified here, which is not entirely unusual; timber linings decay, and shallow or ephemeral troughs can leave little trace. A second, lower mound of burnt material lies immediately to the west, suggesting the site may have seen repeated or extended use over time.

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Pete F
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