Sweathouse, Oxpark, Co. Tipperary

Co. Tipperary |

Utility Structures

Sweathouse, Oxpark, Co. Tipperary

A shallow circular mound of fire-cracked limestone in a charcoal matrix, sitting quietly beside a small stream in Cloghjordan, Co. Tipperary, turned out to be the footprint of something quite specific: an ancient sweathouse, a structure used for producing intense dry or steam heat, broadly comparable in function to a sauna, and known from a number of Irish archaeological sites.

What made this one notable was not just its identification but the remarkable degree of organisation the excavation revealed. The hearths, the stockpiles of stone, and the debris mounds each occupied their own distinct zones around the hut, suggesting a community that used this space with regularity and purpose.

The site came to light in 2006 during preparatory work for the development of a sustainable eco-village on a 67-acre site at Cloghjordan. Archaeologist Emer Dennehy, working on behalf of Margaret Gowen & Co. Ltd., carried out test trenching that confirmed the remains, which were subsequently fully excavated. The mound itself measured roughly 19.5 metres by 16.7 metres but survived to a depth of only 0.2 metres, making it easy to have missed entirely. Beneath it lay a sub-circular hut, measuring 6.5 metres by 5.5 metres internally, with two entrances on its southern side, each marked by a pair of large post-holes. No internal roof supports were found, which indicates the roof was likely a temporary structure of woven matting or hides rather than a fixed frame. Immediately inside the south-west entrance sat a trough, sub-rectangular in plan and measuring roughly 2.8 metres by 1.8 metres, with its base lined with an oak plank. Excavation identified three distinct phases of use, and the evidence suggests the structure was deliberately dismantled when it was finally abandoned. The wider site also produced two fulachta fiadh, which are ancient cooking or heating sites typically identified by mounds of burnt stone beside a water source, as well as a burnt spread and a ring-barrow, adding to a landscape already marked by a medieval moated site, the remains of Cloghjordan Castle, and the possible traces of a post-medieval blast furnace. A late Bronze Age or early Iron Age ring-barrow identified during the same investigations has since raised questions about whether a nearby enclosure, previously assumed to be medieval, may in fact be prehistoric.

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