House - 17th century, Drumlummin, Co. Tipperary

Co. Tipperary |

House

House – 17th century, Drumlummin, Co. Tipperary

Beneath a field that slopes gently towards the River Tar in County Tipperary, the foundations of a mid-seventeenth-century house lie completely invisible, buried under what is now a reclaimed meadow.

What makes this particular patch of ground remarkable is not what can be seen from it, but what was pulled from it during excavation: the physical remains of a domestic life that official records, for a brief period, suggested did not exist at all.

The site came to light in 1981 when the route of the Cork-Dublin gas pipeline passed through the townland of Drumlummin, triggering an excavation of ground adjacent to a nearby castle. The dig, documented by Cleary in 1987, uncovered a T-plan house roughly sixty metres north of the castle, with five rooms arranged across two wings, limestone and sandstone rubble walls surviving just three to four courses high, and a series of back-to-back fireplaces shared between adjoining rooms. One hearth included a circular wall oven, a practical feature built directly into the masonry. The house appears to have had a thatched roof, leaded glass windows, and at least one room with a timber floor. The Civil Survey of 1654 to 1656 recorded that there were no cabins or other improvements in Drumlummin at that time, yet the Hearth Tax records of 1665 list four houses in the townland, only one of which had two hearths. The excavated house has precisely two hearths. Combined with datable finds including earthenware pottery, a money token from the 1650s to 1660s, and clay pipes of early to mid-seventeenth-century type, the evidence points strongly to this being the house of William Sheppard, built somewhere in the decade between those two surveys. The gap between the Civil Survey's silence and the Hearth Tax's four households captures something of the disruption and resettlement that followed the Cromwellian period in Tipperary, when the composition of landholding and habitation shifted rapidly across many townlands.

There is nothing to see at the site today. The field has been reclaimed and the foundations are buried. The house's existence is known almost entirely through the objects and soil layers interpreted during that single pipeline-prompted excavation, and through the ledger entries of two surveys conducted just over a decade apart.

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