Ringfort (Rath), Magherabane, Co. Offaly

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Magherabane, Co. Offaly

On a north-west facing slope in the uplands of Magherabane, County Offaly, a circular earthwork sits so thoroughly reclaimed by vegetation that surveyors were unable to take precise measurements or fully examine it.

That overgrowth is itself part of the story: it is a reminder that thousands of ringforts scattered across Ireland exist in various states of abandonment, slowly disappearing back into the landscape that once supported them.

A ringfort, or rath, is an enclosed farmstead of the early medieval period, typically dating from roughly the fifth to the twelfth century. Most consist of a circular area bounded by one or more earthen banks with a ditch, and were used as defended homesteads for farming families rather than as military fortifications in any serious sense. This example at Magherabane is a bivallate site, meaning it has two concentric banks rather than the single bank more commonly encountered. The enclosed area measures approximately 58 metres north-west to south-east and 49 metres south-west to north-east, which places it towards the larger end of the scale for earthen ringforts. Between the two banks lies a fosse, a ditch that in this case reaches an internal depth of around 1.3 metres. The outer bank, measuring roughly 1.5 metres in width, is the better preserved of the two; the inner bank has largely collapsed into a scarp, a low uneven slope rather than a defined upstanding feature. A possible entrance gap on the north-east side hints at how the original occupants moved in and out of the enclosure, a detail that surveyors noted cautiously given the difficulty of the site conditions.

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