Ringfort (Rath), Ballinphort, Co. Westmeath

Co. Westmeath |

Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballinphort, Co. Westmeath

What survives of this early medieval enclosure at Ballinphort is, by any measure, barely there.

The earthen bank that once defined its perimeter now rises just 35 centimetres above the surrounding pasture, and the outer ditch, or fosse, has been reduced to a shallow depression some seven metres wide. The site has been almost completely levelled, and yet it persists, quietly, as a roughly circular patch of ground at the base of a north-east facing hillside in County Westmeath.

Ringforts, sometimes called raths, were the most common form of enclosed settlement in early medieval Ireland, typically consisting of a raised earthen bank and external fosse enclosing a domestic space. This particular example is sub-circular in plan, measuring approximately 19 metres north-east to south-west and 20 metres north-west to south-east, with an interior that slopes gently downward from south-west to north-east. It was already recorded as a 'fort' on the 1837 Ordnance Survey Fair Plan, and appeared as a distinct circular enclosure on the six-inch maps of the same year, suggesting it retained some legible form into the nineteenth century. Whatever stood here before has since been lost to agricultural pressure. Two further ringforts survive in the same landscape, one roughly 105 metres to the south-south-east and another at around 195 metres in the same direction, a clustering that was not uncommon and may hint at a period when this hillside held a small farming community spread across adjacent enclosed homesteads.

The site would be easy to walk past without knowing it was there. What confirmed its survival in more recent times was not anything visible at ground level but a cropmark caught in a Digital Globe aerial photograph taken in November 2011. Cropmarks form when buried or levelled earthworks influence the growth of surface vegetation, producing outlines readable only from above and usually only at certain times of year. In this case, the outline of the levelled monument emerged clearly enough from the air to confirm that the enclosure, though nearly erased, has not entirely disappeared.

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