Ringfort (Rath), Cummerstown, Co. Westmeath

Co. Westmeath |

Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Cummerstown, Co. Westmeath

A low rise in a Westmeath pasture field is not the most obvious place to look for complexity, yet the earthwork at Cummerstown rewards close attention precisely because it refuses to behave like a textbook example.

Most ringforts, the circular or oval enclosed farmsteads that once dotted the Irish landscape in their tens of thousands, present a fairly legible profile: a bank, a ditch, a clear interior. This one is sub-triangular, roughly 44 metres north to south and 42.4 metres east to west, and it carries two concentric earth and stone banks separated by an intervening fosse, the term for the ditch cut between defensive or boundary banks. A double-banked ringfort of this kind, sometimes called a bivallate rath, is considerably less common than the single-banked variety and tends to suggest either higher social status or a particular concern with livestock security.

The geometry of the surviving earthwork is quietly peculiar. The inner bank is narrow and survives only in sections, readable from the north-northeast and from a broad arc running from the east-southeast around through south to west-southwest. At its southern end it widens into a berm, a flat shelf of ground between two earthen features, reaching up to three metres across. The outer bank is itself only visible from the eastern and western sides, and from the south. None of this is especially dramatic from a distance, which may be why the site sits so unassumingly in its pastoral setting, with Lough Adeel lying just 150 metres to the southeast. The interior surface rises gently towards the centre and is marked by several slight humps and hollows whose purpose remains unclear, the kind of ambiguity that makes a site archaeologically interesting precisely because no one yet has a confident answer.

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