Ringfort (Rath), Crowinstown Great, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
Ringforts
By November 2011, when a Digital Globe aerial photograph was taken over Crowinstown Great in County Westmeath, all that remained of an early medieval settlement was a faint crop mark pressed into the earth.
The ringfort that once occupied this gentle but prominent rise had been levelled entirely, leaving no bank, no ditch, nothing a walker crossing the gently undulating grassland would pause to examine.
Ringforts, the enclosed farmsteads of early medieval Ireland, were typically circular areas bounded by one or more earthen banks with an external fosse, or ditch, and housed a family and their livestock within a defended perimeter. This particular example measured roughly 18 metres north to south and 20 metres east to west, enclosed by a poorly preserved earthen bank and a wide, shallow fosse, with an entrance gap of about 2.6 metres facing south-east. A large rectangular depression inside the enclosure is thought to mark the footprint of a house. What makes the site's disappearance especially pointed is that it was still legible, in a different form, not so long ago. A late eighteenth-century estate map, held in the National Library of Ireland as MS 21 F. 48 (012), records the place under the name 'Raharoone' and depicts it as a bivallate ringfort, meaning one defended by two concentric banks rather than one. That detail suggests the site was originally more substantial than its final, degraded condition indicated. Somewhere between that estate map and the aerial camera, the second bank was lost, and then the first, and then the rest.
The townland boundary with Crowinstown runs along a stream about 80 metres to the north, and slightly higher ground rises to the south-south-west, meaning the site, for all its prominence within the local landscape, was never quite the highest point around. That topographical modesty may be part of why it escaped sustained attention before it was gone.