Ringfort (Rath), Gartlandstown, Co. Westmeath

Co. Westmeath |

Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Gartlandstown, Co. Westmeath

There is something quietly melancholy about a place that survives only as a shadow in a field.

The ringfort at Gartlandstown in County Westmeath, once a tangible earthwork of earth and stone, is now readable only as a faint crop mark, the kind of trace that appears in aerial photographs when differential soil moisture betrays the outline of something buried below the surface. A structure that people once entered through a narrow gap, that once had a perceptible interior slope and a slight rise at its centre, has been reduced to a whisper in the grass.

Ringforts, also called raths, are among the most common archaeological monuments in Ireland, typically interpreted as the enclosed farmsteads of early medieval landowners, their circular banks providing a degree of security for livestock and family alike. The Gartlandstown example was a modest but well-defined specimen: a sub-circular enclosure roughly 27 to 28 metres across, its bank reaching a metre in height and nearly six metres wide, with a two-metre entrance gap facing broadly east-northeast. It was clearly legible enough in 1837 to be recorded on the Ordnance Survey Fair Plan map, annotated simply as a fort. Another earthwork sits about 400 metres to the northeast, suggesting this was once a landscape with more than one such feature punctuating the pasture. By the time the site was visited in 1970, however, it was already in the process of being levelled for land reclamation, a fate that claimed a significant number of Irish ringforts during the agricultural intensification of the mid-twentieth century. What had been well preserved at the time of recording was gone, or nearly gone, within the same decade it was properly documented.

By 2011, a Digital Globe aerial photograph showed the site surviving only as a slight crop mark, the geometry of the old bank faintly visible from above where nothing is visible from the ground. That geometry, a near-circle drawn in differential growth, is now the monument.

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