Rahanduff, Down, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
Ringforts
A ringfort sitting cheek by jowl with a quarry is not the kind of pairing that usually features in accounts of Ireland's ancient landscapes, yet that is precisely the situation at Rahanduff in County Westmeath, where a well-preserved prehistoric enclosure survives on a slight rise of ground while modern extraction work presses in from the north, northeast, and west.
The site at Rahanduff is a bivallate ringfort, meaning it is enclosed not by one but by two concentric earthen banks, each separated from the other by a fosse, or ditch. The overall platform is roughly circular and flat-topped, with a diameter of approximately thirty metres. Ringforts of this kind were typically farmsteads or enclosed settlements of the early medieval period, and the double-bank arrangement is generally taken to indicate a site of some status. What makes Rahanduff particularly interesting in its immediate context is the cluster of other monuments around it. A possible mound barrow sits about fifty-five metres to the east, a further ringfort lies around a hundred and thirty-five metres to the southwest, and a possible moated site, a type of later medieval enclosed homestead defined by a water-filled ditch, stands roughly a hundred and twenty metres to the southeast. Cambridge aerial photographs from July 1966 and July 1970 captured all of this when it was still more legible on the ground, showing the bivallate enclosure alongside the barrow and the moated site, the latter then still surrounded by cultivation ridges that have since been levelled. A possible entrance gap, visible on the southeastern side in those same photographs, gives some indication of how the enclosure was originally approached. The place-name Rahanduff, consistent across all editions of the Ordnance Survey six-inch maps, likely preserves older Gaelic elements, though the name itself hints at a dark or black rath, a rath being the Irish word for just such an earthen enclosure.