Ringfort (Rath), Martinstown, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
Ringforts
On a south-east facing slope in County Westmeath, three ringforts once sat within a few hundred metres of one another, a density that hints at a landscape once far more densely organised than the open grassland visible today.
One of them no longer exists at all. By November 2011, aerial photography showed the site had been completely levelled, erasing what had still been a recognisable earthwork less than four decades earlier.
A ringfort, sometimes called a rath, is a roughly circular enclosure defined by one or more earthen banks and ditches, typically dating from the early medieval period and associated with farmsteads or the defended residences of local farming families. This particular example, on a prominent hill with wide views of the surrounding countryside, was recorded in 1975 as a sub-oval enclosure roughly 26 metres north to south and 24 metres east to west. It was bounded by a substantial earthen bank and a U-shaped external fosse, that is, a ditch dug around the outside of the bank, with a possible entrance gap opening to the south-east. Cultivation ridges were still visible inside, running north-north-east to south-south-west across the gently sloping interior. Even then, the damage was considerable. The perimeter and much of the interior had been quarried away, and several banks within the monument were thought to be byproducts of that quarrying rather than original features of the rath. The 1837 Ordnance Survey Fair Plan map had already noted a gravel pit in the southern half of the interior, so the extraction had been going on for well over a century before the 1975 survey was made. Two neighbouring ringforts survive, one 160 metres to the south-west and another 130 metres to the south-east, and together they preserve at least some sense of how occupied this hillside once was.