Ringfort (Rath), Milltown, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
Ringforts
On the eastern slope of a low ridge in County Westmeath, a roughly oval earthwork sits in pasture, its outline softened by trees and centuries of agricultural interference.
What makes it quietly interesting is not simply its age but the way later land use has worked itself into the fabric of the monument, making it a palimpsest of different periods rather than a clean example of early medieval enclosure. A post-1700 field wall cuts straight through the interior from northwest to southeast, bisecting what was once a coherent enclosed space, and the OS mapping captures this process of incremental alteration across two editions, the 1837 six-inch map showing a roughly circular earthwork, the 1913 twenty-five-inch revision recording something already modified into a slightly oval shape, already divided.
The ringfort, a type of enclosed farmstead common in early medieval Ireland and typically formed by one or more banks and ditches surrounding a domestic interior, here takes the bivallate form, meaning it has two concentric banks with an intervening fosse, the ditch between them. When the site was described in detail in 1980, the inner bank measured approximately 42 metres west-northwest to east-southeast and 38 metres north to south. Parts of it retain traces of stone facing on the inner and outer sides, though only in short stretches around the perimeter. The outer bank has fared less well, surviving only in low, faint traces to the north and northeast. None of the several gaps in the inner bank can be confidently identified as the original entrance. In the southwest quadrant, a cluster of large stones on the surface, with evidence of animal burrowing beneath, has been noted as a possible souterrain, an underground stone-lined passage sometimes associated with ringforts and used for storage or refuge, though the disturbance is not conclusive enough to classify it as one.
From aerial photography the site reads clearly as a tree-lined enclosure, the vegetation marking the banks even where the earthworks themselves have been reduced. Within the interior, short runs of earth and stone bank are still visible; one running inward from the northeast towards the centre may be an original feature of the fort, while two others appear to relate to the later field wall rather than to any early medieval arrangement. The fosse is most legible along the northern and western arcs, where it remains wide and relatively deep.