Ringfort (Rath), Milltown, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
Ringforts
What is quietly remarkable about this particular ringfort in Milltown, Co. Westmeath, is not so much the earthwork itself as the company it keeps.
Three other ringforts lie within 150 metres of it, clustered on and around the same hillock in a concentration that suggests this corner of Westmeath was a busy, organised place during the early medieval period when such enclosures were built and inhabited. A ringfort, broadly speaking, is a circular or near-circular enclosed settlement, defined by one or more earthen banks, and they are the most common field monument in Ireland. This one sits on a natural terrace on the north-west facing slope, its slight elevation giving it a commanding relationship with the surrounding landscape even as the land has absorbed and partially dismantled it over the centuries.
The monument's history of documentation stretches back at least to 1776, when a circular earthwork at this location appeared on an estate map of Rathconrath, now held in the National Library of Ireland. By the time the Ordnance Survey produced its six-inch map in 1837, the enclosure was recorded as oval in shape, with a limekiln, a small industrial structure used for burning limestone to produce agricultural lime, incorporated into its northern bank. That detail alone tells a story of practical reuse; the ancient boundary becoming a convenient platform for a later agricultural technology. The 1913 revision of the Ordnance Survey twenty-five-inch map shows the monument had been further altered, its south-western quadrant cut through by both a trackway and a townland boundary. When archaeologists described it in 1970, the enclosure measured roughly 32 metres north-west to south-east and 28 metres north-east to south-west. The bank survives best along the western and eastern arcs but is reduced to a low scarp elsewhere, and much of the southern side has been absorbed into a modern stone-faced field boundary. Three large stones still stand on the inner edge of the bank at the south-east, and faint traces of cultivation ridges run across the interior, evidence of later agricultural use within what had once been a domestic enclosure. Two gaps break the bank, one at the south and one at the west-south-west, though which of these, if either, represents the original entrance is no longer clear.