Ringfort (Rath), Killynan, Co. Westmeath

Co. Westmeath |

Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Killynan, Co. Westmeath

On a low rise in the gently rolling pasture of County Westmeath, a ring of trees marks out something older than any field boundary nearby.

What lies beneath that tree line is a bivallate ringfort, meaning a rath enclosed not by one but by two concentric earthen banks, with a fosse, or ditch, cut between them. That doubled defensive arrangement was never common, and it sets this site apart from the more typical single-banked examples that dot the Irish midlands.

The earthwork was recorded on the 1913 Ordnance Survey 25-inch map as a suboval-shaped bivallate enclosure, and a detailed description from 1970 gives a clearer picture of what survives. The interior measures roughly 35 metres in diameter, enclosed by a high and steep inner bank. Between that and an outer bank of earth and stone lies a wide fosse, deepest and most pronounced along the southern, western, and northeastern arc. A berm, a flat shelf of ground between the fosse's outer edge and the outer bank, separates the two. That outer bank itself behaves slightly oddly: from the south-southeast it visibly swings away from the fosse rather than following it, which has led to the suggestion that it may be a later addition, built at a different time to the original enclosure. At the southeast, a gap in the inner bank about 7.6 metres wide at the top corresponds with a broad causeway roughly 11.7 metres across, which would have served as the formal entrance. The north side has suffered more than weather and time: a significant portion of the bank and part of the interior has been quarried away near the entrance, leaving the monument slightly lopsided. A pond sits roughly 35 metres to the west, close enough to have been deliberate, as reliable water sources were a practical consideration when choosing where to build.

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