Ringfort (Rath), Cloghanstown, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
Ringforts
On a small, steep hillock just west of the River Deel in County Westmeath, a ringfort sits at a point that would have offered its builders a clear advantage: good views in every direction, and the natural defence of the river close by.
What makes this particular site quietly interesting is not just the fort itself but the presence of a second, quite different earthwork nearby, the two monuments sitting roughly 75 metres apart and raising questions about how this patch of floodplain was used and by whom.
A ringfort, or rath, is a roughly circular enclosure defined by one or more earthen banks and ditches, the standard farmstead of early medieval Ireland, typically home to a single family and their livestock. This one is bivallate, meaning it has two concentric banks with a fosse, or ditch, between them, a feature that suggests the occupants wanted, or could afford, an extra layer of defence or display. Recorded on the revised 1913 Ordnance Survey 25-inch map as an oval enclosure measuring roughly 37 metres north to south and 34 metres east to west, it was described more fully in 1980. By that point the inner bank, though still high and steep on its outer face, had been largely reduced to a scarp, and the outer bank had been levelled across much of its northern and eastern arc. A wide, shallow fosse survived around the southern and western sides, partly infilled elsewhere. A gap of about 14 metres at the eastern side is thought to mark the original entrance. The second earthwork, a rectangular enclosure of around 15 by 10 metres with its own bank and fosse, lies in the south-west corner of an adjacent field. Rectangular enclosures are less common than their circular counterparts and harder to classify confidently; by 1980 this one had already been reduced to little more than a scarp, and it has since disappeared from aerial photography entirely, leaving the ringfort as the more legible of the two.
The ringfort remains visible as an earthwork in aerial imagery, still perceptible on its hillock above the Deel floodplain, though the partial levelling of its banks means the full double-ring effect that would once have defined it is now only legible if you know what to look for.