House - indeterminate date, Kippinduff, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
House
At some point around 1850, somebody was still living inside an ancient ringfort in the townland of Kippinduff, County Westmeath.
That detail alone makes this site quietly remarkable. The rath, a type of circular earthen enclosure commonly built in early medieval Ireland as a defended farmstead, had long since lost whatever roof had originally sheltered its occupants. Yet tucked into its edge, partly spilling outside the old boundary, sat the stone foundations of a small rectangular hut, measuring roughly five metres by three. Someone had made a home of a monument.
When surveyors visited the site in 1971, they recorded what a local farmer of the townland told them: that within living memory, or at least within the memory passed down to him, people had been living in that hut inside the rath around 1850. The townland had supported about twenty-five households at that time, and the shallow depressions and low banks visible near the rath were not random earthworks but the outlines of small cultivation plots, the modest landholdings of those families. The rath itself sits on a small prominent hillock, surrounded by gently undulating pasture and tillage land, and commands good views across the area. By the time of the survey, it was largely overgrown with ash trees, thorn trees, and briars, the enclosure boundary still legible as a steep scarp with faint traces of an earthen bank along its upper edge and the ghost of a fosse, a defensive ditch, at its foot.
What the site captures, almost incidentally, is a layer of post-Famine or pre-Famine rural life folded into a much older landscape. The ringfort was not treated as an archaeological curiosity by whoever built that hut; it was simply useful ground, a raised and sheltered spot, already bounded and defensible in its way. The stone foundations that remain are slight, but they sit at the meeting point of two very different eras of Irish habitation, one prehistoric or early medieval in origin, the other belonging to the cramped and precarious world of nineteenth-century smallholding.