Embanked enclosure, Cushenstown, Co. Wexford
Co. Wexford |
Ringforts
On a broad hill outside Cushenstown in County Wexford, there is an archaeological site that you cannot see.
Walk across the field today and there is nothing underfoot to suggest that anything was ever there, yet a circular enclosure roughly 35 metres across once sat clearly on the hilltop, significant enough to be mapped by the Ordnance Survey in 1839. Sometime between that first careful surveying of the Irish landscape and 1973, the earthworks were levelled. The hill remains; the monument does not.
What the 1839 OS six-inch map recorded was a subcircular embanked enclosure, measuring approximately 55 metres northwest to southeast and 50 metres northeast to southwest. These dimensions suggest a substantial ringfort-type enclosure, the kind of enclosed settlement that was widespread in early medieval Ireland, defined by a raised bank and, in many cases, an outer ditch or fosse. The Cushenstown example had exactly that: aerial photography has since revealed a cropmark enclosure defined by a single fosse, the shallow buried remnant of what was once a surrounding ditch. A cropmark forms when buried features such as ditches or pits affect the moisture available to growing plants above them, producing variations in colour and height that are only legible from the air. More intriguingly, a linear pit running northeast to southwest is also visible in the same aerial photographs, and it has been suggested this could mark the position of a souterrain, an underground stone-lined passage typically associated with early medieval settlements, used variously for storage, refuge, or ventilation.
The site now lies beneath cereal crops and shows no trace at ground level. Its story is largely one of absence: an enclosure documented, photographed from altitude, and then quietly erased from the surface of the hill it once occupied.
