Ringfort (Rath), Wilkinstown, Co. Wexford
Co. Wexford |
Ringforts
On a south-east-facing slope in County Wexford, a curve of earthwork persists in the landscape, easy to overlook and easier still to misread.
What survives here is a fragment of a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, which was the most common type of settlement in early medieval Ireland. Typically circular, enclosed by one or more earthen banks with accompanying ditches, raths served as farmsteads for families of varying status between roughly the fifth and twelfth centuries. This one, when it was still intact, measured somewhere between thirty and thirty-five metres in diameter.
The Ordnance Survey's six-inch map of 1839 recorded it as a complete circular feature, which tells us that at least its outline was still legible to surveyors at that point. By the time the 1924 edition was produced, what remained was described only as a chord, the geometric term for a line cutting across a circle, surviving south of an east-west field bank. In other words, farmers had incorporated or obscured much of the original enclosure within their own field boundaries over the intervening decades. What can still be seen today amounts to roughly twenty-six metres of bank running south-east to south-west along the southern side of that field bank. The bank itself is four metres wide, standing about forty centimetres above the interior ground level and a more pronounced one point two metres above the exterior. Alongside it runs a slight external fosse, the shallow ditch that would originally have reinforced the bank's defensive or boundary function, measuring three and a half metres across at the top and half a metre deep.
These modest measurements are worth pausing over. The survival of even this much, given the pressures of agricultural improvement across two centuries, is not guaranteed in the Irish countryside. The differential in height between the interior and exterior faces of the bank, with the exterior being notably higher, reflects the material that was originally dug from the fosse and thrown inward to build up the enclosure wall. It is a small geometry, but a legible one.
