Ringfort (Rath), Ballygowney, Co. Wexford
Co. Wexford |
Ringforts
Some ancient settlements announce themselves with dramatic earthworks or looming stonework.
This one in Ballygowney, County Wexford, is far more reticent. The only reliable evidence for its existence comes from aerial photographs, where a faint cropmark traces the outline of a circular enclosure roughly 45 metres across. Cropmarks form when buried features such as ditches or banks influence how vegetation grows above them, leaving subtle differences in colour or height that become legible only from the air and, often, only in particular seasons or lighting conditions. That quiet legibility from above is, in its own way, rather striking.
What the photographs reveal is a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, a type of enclosed farmstead built and occupied largely during the early medieval period, between roughly the fifth and twelfth centuries. Thousands of them survive across Ireland in varying states of preservation, but many, like this one, have been worn almost to nothing by centuries of ploughing and field management. Here, a single fosse, meaning a ditch, defines the perimeter, and part of that perimeter has been quietly absorbed into the existing landscape: a curved section of the field bank also serves as the townland boundary between Ballygowney and Ballygowny South-West to the north. The ridge on which it sits, aligned roughly north-north-west to south-south-east, would have offered its original occupants a degree of visibility over the surrounding land, which is a practical consideration that influenced the siting of many such enclosures.