Ringfort (Rath), Linziestown, Co. Wexford
Co. Wexford |
Ringforts
Nothing is visible at Linziestown to the eye of a person walking the fields.
No earthwork rises from the ground, no bank or ditch interrupts the flat Co. Wexford landscape. And yet, read from the air, this otherwise unremarkable agricultural patch reveals something considerably more layered: the ghostly outline of a bivallate ringfort, a settlement enclosed not by one but two concentric ditches, discernible only as cropmarks, the faint differential growth in a cereal crop that betrays buried features beneath the soil.
A ringfort, or rath, is a roughly circular enclosed settlement of the early medieval period, typically defined by one or more earthen banks and ditches. The Linziestown example is known entirely from aerial photography, which shows an inner enclosure roughly 30 metres in diameter defined by a fosse, that is, a cut ditch, approximately 3 metres wide, and an outer enclosure with an internal diameter of around 50 metres whose fosse runs between 3 and 5 metres wide. Both enclosures appear to have their openings oriented to the south-east. More intriguing still is what sits within and around them. At the centre of the inner enclosure, two conjoined ring-ditches, each about 8 metres across, suggest earlier or associated features of uncertain function; a further ring-ditch of roughly 15 metres diameter lies to the west, partially cut through by the outer fosse, implying it predates the enclosure's construction. A fourth ring-ditch, about 10 metres across, sits approximately 10 metres beyond the outer northern boundary. Ring-ditches of this kind are often associated with prehistoric burial monuments, and their presence here points to a landscape that was already meaningful long before the ringfort was built.
Overlying all of it, a grid of drainage channels marks out rectangular fields ranging from roughly 20 by 50 metres to 50 by 50 metres, covering about 3 hectares in total. These drains, which appear to post-date the earlier features and probably represent an 18th-century field improvement scheme, run continuously across the area without any visible break or deviation to acknowledge what lies beneath them. The agricultural reorganisation that erased the above-ground traces of the site was, in its own way, as thorough as the millennia that preceded it.