Enclosure, Ballinadrum, Co. Carlow
Co. Carlow |
Enclosures
In a field at Ballinadrum in County Carlow, a circular enclosure survives in a form most people would walk past without noticing.
It is not visible on the ground in any obvious way; what reveals it is the view from above, where the outline of a roughly circular feature emerges against the surrounding landscape, legible only through the particular language of aerial photography.
Circular enclosures of this kind are among the most common archaeological features in the Irish countryside, though common does not mean well understood. Most are thought to be the remains of raths or ringforts, the enclosed farmsteads that were the basic unit of rural settlement in early medieval Ireland, roughly the fifth to twelfth centuries. Built from earthen banks, ditches, or both, they served as farmyards, animal enclosures, and domestic spaces for families of varying status. Over centuries, the banks were levelled by ploughing, eroded by weather, or simply robbed for building material, leaving traces so faint that only a low sun angle or crop variation seen from the air can pick them out. The Ballinadrum example falls into this category: its shape survives as a cropmark or soilmark, the kind of ghost impression that shows up when different rates of plant growth or soil moisture follow the line of a buried feature below.
