Fort, Raflacony, Co. Monaghan
Co. Monaghan |
Ringforts
On the crest of a drumlin in County Monaghan, a ringfort sits inside a second, much larger enclosure, an arrangement that sets this site apart from the thousands of similar earthworks scattered across the Irish countryside.
Most ringforts, or raths, the circular enclosed farmsteads of early medieval Ireland defined by an earthen bank and a surrounding ditch, stand alone in fields or pasture. Here, the rath is itself enclosed within a second boundary roughly 100 to 105 metres in diameter, and that outer enclosure is recorded as having been deliberately designed as a landscape feature rather than a purely functional one. Whatever its original purpose, someone went to considerable effort to frame the inner fort within a grander setting.
The rath itself is a substantial example of its type. The interior is roughly circular, measuring 38 metres north-northeast to south-southwest and 36.6 metres west-northwest to east-southeast, and the ground slopes gently down toward the east-southeast. The entrance, at the lowest point of the interior, is formed by a causeway across the outer fosse, the ditch that runs around the bank; the causeway top is 3.6 metres wide and the entrance at its base measures 2.3 metres. The outer enclosure is defined by field banks with its own entrance to the south. Both the rath and the enclosure around it now lie within mixed woodland, which would have been a very different situation from their original agricultural or residential context. The drumlin position is typical of early medieval settlement in this part of Ulster, where low glacial hills offered good drainage and a degree of natural elevation without requiring the effort of a mound.