Fort, Mullan, Co. Monaghan
Co. Monaghan |
Ringforts
On the western slope of a small drumlin in County Monaghan, just below the crest of the hill, an earthwork sits quietly beneath grass and encroaching scrub, its concentric rings of bank and ditch still legible to anyone who takes the time to read the ground.
What makes it worth a second look is its doubling: this is not a simple ringfort, but a bivallate enclosure, meaning it has two earthen banks and two ditches arranged concentrically, with a narrow strip of flat ground, called a berm, separating the inner from the outer works.
The enclosure is almost perfectly circular, measuring around 41 metres across on its longer axis. A causeway across the inner flat-bottomed fosse, or ditch, at the east-north-east provides the entrance, and traces of a second causeway survive at the same orientation across the outer fosse. The inner bank has a base width of roughly 2.3 metres; the outer is slightly broader at 2.6 metres. The causeway itself stands about a metre high at its top. Ringforts of this type, earthen enclosures thought to have served as defended farmsteads, are common across Ireland, but bivallate examples represent a smaller subset, sometimes interpreted as the homesteads of higher-status households in the early medieval period, though the exact chronology of any individual site is difficult to establish without excavation. The Mullan example sits in that ambiguous territory: well-preserved enough in its basic geometry to be read clearly, but without excavation evidence to say who built it or when.