Battlefield, Unknown, Co. Dublin
Co. Dublin |
Military Memorials
Somewhere between the Wellington Memorial and the Magazine Fort in the Phoenix Park, joggers and dog-walkers pass daily over ground that may once have been the site of one of the most consequential battles in early medieval Ireland.
No marker identifies the spot. The annals disagree about where exactly the fighting took place, and the landscape has changed so thoroughly over the intervening eleven centuries that even the question of where to look remains genuinely open. What is not in doubt is that on 14 September 919, a Viking army defeated a coalition of Irish kings at or near Dublin, killing the high king of Ireland in the process.
The battle came about because Niall Glúndub, of the northern Uí Néill dynasty and self-declared king of Tara since 916, had been manoeuvring against the Viking leader Sitric, who had consolidated his hold on Dublin following an earlier victory at Cenn Fuait in 917. Glúndub assembled a substantial alliance, drawing contingents from the kingdoms of Ulaid, Brega, Airgíalla, Mide and south Brega, and marched on the Viking settlement. The Annals of Ulster place the engagement directly at Duiblinn; the Annals of Clonmacnoise name it as occurring near Kilmashogue, close to Rathfarnham; and a poem preserved in the Annals of the Four Masters points to a site called Cell mo Shámoc, associated with a small church on the north bank of the Liffey and an ancient ford near where Sarah Bridge now crosses the river. According to Dr Gavin Hughes, who has summarised the primary sources for this engagement, it is plausible that Glúndub's forces attempted to force a crossing at that ford and that Sitric's warriors came out of their longphort, the established fortified settlement of Dublin, to oppose them. A longphort was originally a temporary fortified encampment, but Dublin by this point functioned as a permanent base. The battle appears to have lasted less than a day. The poem in the Annals of the Four Masters names Glúndub's killer as a Viking called Amhlaeibh, rendered in Old Norse as Óláfr. Every king and sub-king recorded as fighting alongside Glúndub was also killed: Máel Mithig mac Flannacain of Brega, Conchobar mac Flainn of Mide, Cellach mac Fogartaig of south Brega, Mael Craíbe of Airgíalla, and Áed of Ulaid, whose participation was itself unusual, as kings of Ulaid seldom allied with the northern Uí Néill. The Annals of Ulster mark the loss with a single elegiac line: it was, they wrote, 'to view the heaven and not to see the sun, to behold Niall's plain without Niall.'
The stretch of the Phoenix Park between the Wellington Memorial and the Magazine Fort is freely accessible, and Sarah Bridge is a short walk from the park's Islandbridge gate. There is nothing to see that is directly connected to the battle; no earthworks survive, no commemorative stone has been placed. The value of the visit, such as it is, lies in standing at the river's edge near the approximate location of that early medieval ford, where the Liffey is still narrow enough that a contested crossing feels entirely plausible, and where the silence of the park sits oddly against the scale of what the sources describe.