Ringfort (Rath), Ballyphilip, Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Ringforts
A small stream running along a townland boundary has, over time, effectively become part of the archaeology.
The ringfort at Ballyphilip in County Limerick is bisected by this watercourse, meaning the monument now sits divided between two administrative units of land, a situation that complicates both its study and its survival. Ringforts, sometimes called raths, are roughly circular enclosures defined by earthen banks and ditches, built predominantly during the early medieval period in Ireland as farmsteads or defended homesteads. What makes Ballyphilip quietly odd is the way the stream has come to substitute for the missing eastern portion of that enclosure, doing the work that a bank and fosse once did.
The evidence for this site's changing condition is largely cartographic. The 1840 edition of the Ordnance Survey Ireland six-inch map shows the monument as a complete circular enclosure with a bank, already crossed by the north to south townland boundary and intersected by field boundaries at the northwest and southeast that were themselves established after 1700. By the time the twenty-five-inch OSi map was produced in 1897, the picture had shifted considerably. Only the western half of the enclosure is depicted, appearing as a D-shaped earthwork, with a semi-circular bank running from south around through west to north-northeast, and an external fosse, a ditch running along the outside of the bank, visible from south through west. The stream by this point had effectively become the eastern boundary, and no enclosing element is recorded on the eastern bank at all. Whether the eastern section had been levelled by agricultural activity or was simply not captured by the surveyors is unclear, but the contrast between the two editions is striking.
The site lies in pasture and is recorded as a scrub-covered earthwork, visible on Ordnance Survey orthophotographs taken between 2005 and 2012 as well as on Google Earth imagery. For anyone trying to locate it on the ground, that covering of scrub is likely the most obvious indicator, a rougher patch in otherwise managed grassland. The stream itself serves as a useful navigational marker, since the monument sits directly along the townland boundary it defines. Access and ground conditions will depend on the landowner, and the site sits within working farmland, so any visit should be approached accordingly. The monument was compiled and documented by Fiona Rooney, with records uploaded in April 2021.