Ringfort (Cashel), Fanningstown (Smallcounty By.), Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Ringforts
A ringfort, or cashel, built on loose sand and gravel was always going to struggle against time, and the one at Fanningstown in County Limerick has obliged by slipping, crumbling, and collapsing in several directions at once.
Ringforts are roughly circular enclosures, typically of early medieval date, defined by an earthen bank or, as here, a stone rampart; the term cashel specifically denotes a stone-walled example. What makes this site quietly odd is not just its decay but the combination of forces responsible for it: the geology did much of the damage first, then blackthorn took over, and then the clearance of that blackthorn caused further harm of its own.
When the archaeologist M. J. O'Kelly recorded the site in 1943, he described a fort with an overall diameter of about 150 feet (45.7 metres), sitting atop a low hillock of loose sand and gravel. That unstable substrate meant the stone rampart had already slipped considerably down the slope by the time he arrived. A fosse, the defensive ditch that originally encircled the fort, had by then disappeared entirely on the west and south sides, where modern fencing had also cut into the remains. Inside the southern break in the rampart, O'Kelly identified two rectangular stone-built house sites. The larger ran east to west, measuring 75 feet by 25 feet (23 by 7.6 metres), with walls surviving to between one and three feet in height; a carefully constructed door jamb on the southern wall hinted at what may have been the original entrance. A smaller structure, measuring 40 by 20 feet (12.2 by 6 metres), abutted the east wall of the first house and ran north to south, the two buildings sharing what amounted to a double wall where they met. On the north-east interior, where a bush had been dug out, O'Kelly noted scorched red soil with charcoal and fragments of bone, including jaws of pig and ox. A nearby sandpit in the adjacent field to the north had also yielded bones, though without any associated finds to clarify their context.
The site sits within the Smallcounty barony of County Limerick, and the surrounding landscape is agricultural, so access is likely to require crossing field boundaries and should be approached with that in mind. The remains are low and unassuming, and without O'Kelly's detailed 1943 plan as a guide, distinguishing the two house sites from the general rubble of the collapsed rampart takes some patience. The scorched soil and animal bone found near the north-east interior are no longer visible at surface level, but the double-thickness wall where the two structures connect is the detail most worth looking for, a small piece of practical building logic preserved in the stonework despite everything that has worked against it.