Ringfort (Rath), Cush, Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Ringforts
Most ringforts, as the name suggests, are circular, their defining earthen banks curving round to enclose a farmstead or defended homestead in the familiar rounded form that dots the Irish landscape in the thousands.
The enclosure at Cush, on the slopes of Slievereagh in County Limerick, does not follow that pattern. It is roughly rectangular, formed by a fosse and bank that run westward before turning sharply southward at something close to a right angle, a shape anomalous enough that the archaeologist who excavated it felt compelled to note, in print, that it could not properly be called a ringfort at all.
The site sits within a much larger archaeological complex on what was identified by the antiquarian T. J. Westropp, writing between 1917 and 1919, as the supposed site of Temaír Erann, the ancient cemetery of the Ernai tribe on Slievereagh. The enclosure, catalogued by Seán P. Ó Ríordáin as Ringfort 6 of the Southern Group, is the westernmost of three conjoined ringforts set inside a substantial field system. Ó Ríordáin excavated it between 1934 and 1935, and near the northern interior he found an irregular mound that concealed the remains of a small wattle-and-daub structure. Wattle-and-daub construction involved weaving thin branches or rods into a framework and coating them with clay or mud; the fired clay fragments recovered here still bore impressions of small twigs, and the charcoal deposit was composed largely of the fine timbers such a building would have used. The house measured roughly 17 feet by 10 feet internally, with external dimensions of around 22 feet by 14 feet, and four post-holes were identified, three likely supporting the side walls and one possibly carrying a central ridge pole. An irregular trench ran across the western side of the enclosure, connecting two sections of the surrounding fosse; its purpose remained unclear to Ó Ríordáin and has not been resolved since. A Preservation Order was placed on the site on 23 January 1935, shortly after the excavation concluded.
The enclosure lies in rough pasture in the southern quadrant of the Cush complex, and its outline, while not dramatic above ground, is legible as a sub-rectangular earthwork defined by its fosse. Aerial orthoimages, including those taken between 2011 and 2013, show the shape clearly from above. Visiting the wider Cush complex rewards those with patience for reading a landscape quietly, looking for the way separate earthworks relate to one another across the hillside rather than expecting any single monument to announce itself.