Ringfort (Rath), Kilfinny, Co. Limerick

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Kilfinny, Co. Limerick

A circle of thistles in a rough Limerick pasture is not, at first glance, the most prepossessing of archaeological sites.

But the slight rise in the ground, the low curve of an earthen bank still holding its shape on the north-western to north-eastern arc, and that tell-tale carpet of weeds are enough to mark this out as something older and more deliberate than the surrounding farmland suggests.

The site at Kilfinny is a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, which is a class of roughly circular enclosure built primarily during the early medieval period, broadly from around 500 to 1000 AD, and used as a farmstead or family settlement. Thousands survive across Ireland in varying states of preservation, but each one carries its own particular character. This example, recorded by Denis Power and uploaded to the national record in August 2011, sits on a north-facing slope of a limestone ridge, a position that would have offered reasonable drainage and a clear outlook. The enclosure measures 24 metres across in both directions, making it a modest but standard example of the type. What remains of the enclosing bank is considerably worn down; on the interior the bank stands only about 35 centimetres above the enclosed ground surface, while on the exterior, where erosion and agriculture have been kinder, it reaches just over a metre in height. The unevenness of the interior surface may have a more recent explanation: a field boundary that formerly ran along the northern edge of the site was removed not long before the record was compiled, and the disturbed material appears to have been pushed inside the enclosure rather than carted away.

The site lies in rough pasture, so a visitor should expect uneven footing and, given the recorded state of the interior, a good deal of thistle. The most legible section of the bank runs from the north-west around to the north-east, and that is the arc worth examining closely; elsewhere the earthwork has been so reduced that it can be difficult to distinguish from natural undulation in the limestone-influenced ground. There is no formal access or interpretation on site, so this is a place for those content to read the landscape quietly and work out the geometry for themselves.

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