Ringfort (Rath), Shanid Lower, Co. Limerick

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Shanid Lower, Co. Limerick

Most ringforts, the enclosed farmsteads that dot the Irish countryside in their thousands, were defended by a single bank and ditch.

The one sitting on a south-south-east-facing slope in Shanid Lower, County Limerick, went considerably further. Three concentric earth-and-stone banks, each separated by its own fosse (a defensive ditch), ring a circular area roughly 44 metres across, placing this example among the more elaborately fortified of its type. Three-bank ringforts, sometimes called trivallate raths, are comparatively rare, and their additional defences are generally taken to signal either high social status or an unusually felt need for protection, perhaps both at once.

The site was recorded and compiled by Denis Power, with notes uploaded in August 2011. The detail in those records gives a clear sense of what survives and what has not. The innermost bank is the most imposing, rising to an external height of 4.5 metres, its sheer outer face thick with gorse, though cattle have worn it down along the north-west to north-north-west arc. The middle bank still carries traces of stone facing along its southern curve, a small but telling sign of the effort that went into its original construction. The outer bank, standing only 0.65 metres externally, is the most fragmentary; it survives well from the south-east round to the west but has largely disappeared elsewhere. A rough causeway crosses the waterlogged inner fosse at the south-east, aligned with gaps in both the inner and middle banks, marking what was almost certainly the original entrance. Inside the enclosure, the ground slopes down towards the south-east, and two low features interrupt the pasture: a roughly circular rise just south-west of centre, and a sub-rectangular area defined by a very low bank to the north-east of centre, the possible ghosts of earlier structures.

The fort sits in working farmland, so access is a matter of courtesy and permission rather than a marked path. The gorse covering the inner bank is dense, and the inner fosse retains water, so the causeway at the south-east is the practical way to approach the interior if you do get in. The outer bank is easiest to read on the south-east to west arc, where it is best preserved; elsewhere it has been clipped or obscured by later field boundaries. A low linear bank running down-slope to the north-east, along with another earth-and-stone bank abutting the outer bank at the east-south-east, suggest the surrounding landscape held further features, though their relationship to the main enclosure is not fully resolved.

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Pete F
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