Ringfort (Rath), Mitchelstown, Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Ringforts
What looks at first glance like a gentle irregularity in a Limerick pasture turns out, on closer inspection, to be a carefully engineered enclosure that has been sitting quietly in farmland for well over a thousand years.
This ringfort near Mitchelstown in County Limerick is the kind of site that rewards attention precisely because it does not announce itself. A ringfort, or rath, is an enclosed settlement dating typically from the early medieval period in Ireland, roughly 500 to 1000 AD, built to house a farming family and their livestock within a defensive boundary of earthen bank and ditch. This one sits at the western end of a low ridge, surrounded by outcropping limestone, and its oval footprint, measuring 34 metres north to south and 27.3 metres east to west, is defined by two distinct structural elements that together form its perimeter.
The enclosure is not a simple ring of earth. Along the stretch running from the east-northeast around to the south-southeast, the boundary takes the form of an earth-and-stone bank, still standing to an internal height of around 0.4 metres and an external height of 0.3 metres, and best preserved on its eastern side. From the south-southeast back around to the east-northeast, the enclosure is instead defined by a scarped edge, essentially a steep artificial slope cut into the ridge itself, which survives to a height of 1.65 metres and a width of 4 metres, most legibly on the northwestern to northern arc. Some of the original stone-facing on this scarp face has also survived, which gives a sense of the care that went into its construction. The survey was compiled by Denis Power and uploaded to the record in August 2011.
The interior of the enclosure dips gently down towards its centre, a subtle bowl shape that is easy to miss if you are not looking for it. The site sits in pasture, so access depends entirely on the landowner and the state of the ground. Field boundaries that once abutted the enclosure at the northwest and north-northeast have since been removed, which means the relationship between the ringfort and the surrounding field system is now harder to read than it once was. Visitors with an interest in early medieval settlement patterns should note the limestone outcrops in the surrounding area, which would have influenced both the construction materials and the drainage characteristics of the site. The surviving stone-facing on the scarp face, however fragmentary, is the most tangible physical detail to look for once you have located the enclosure.