Ringfort (Rath), Ummeracly, Co. Galway

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ummeracly, Co. Galway

What sits on a low hummock in the grassland of Ummeracly is easy to miss, and that, in a way, is the point.

The earthwork here has been so thoroughly absorbed into the working landscape that modern field boundaries now run directly across it, one overlying the monument from the north-north-west to the north-east, another cutting through it at the north-east and south-east. The enclosure that was once defined by a raised bank survives only in fragments, the bank itself largely denuded along the north-north-west to north-west arc, while elsewhere it is a scarp, a gentle slope in the ground rather than a proper upstanding feature, that marks where the perimeter once ran.

The site is a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, the most common type of early medieval settlement monument in the country. Typically circular or subcircular earthwork enclosures, raths were built between roughly the sixth and tenth centuries and served as the enclosed farmsteads of individual farming families. Most had a bank and ditch; status could be read in how many concentric rings of earthwork surrounded the central living area. This one at Ummeracly is subcircular in plan, measuring approximately 35.5 metres east to west and 35 metres north to south, dimensions that place it within the ordinary range for the type. What it lacks, or has lost, is definition. The gradual flattening of the bank over centuries, combined with the imposition of agricultural boundaries that treat it as simply another feature of the terrain, has reduced it to something more like a suggestion of a monument than a monument itself.

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