Ringfort (Rath), Knockroe, Co. Galway

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Knockroe, Co. Galway

Sitting in undulating grassland near Knockroe in County Galway, this subcircular earthwork is easy to overlook, which is precisely what makes it quietly compelling.

It measures roughly 29.5 metres east to west and 27.5 metres north to south, dimensions that place it comfortably within the range of a typical early medieval rath. A rath is a ringfort, an enclosed farmstead of the kind built across Ireland between roughly the fifth and twelfth centuries, defined by one or more raised earthen banks with a ditch, known as a fosse, dug between them. Most were the homes of farming families of moderate status, and Ireland still has tens of thousands of them in varying states of survival.

What gives this particular example a degree of archaeological interest is the unevenness of its preservation. The inner bank survives from the south-west around to the north-west, but along other stretches it has worn down to little more than a scarp, a sloped edge in the ground rather than a proper raised bank. The fosse and outer bank, which together form the second line of enclosure, can still be traced from the south-east around to the north-west. That double enclosure, two banks with a fosse between them, would originally have made this a reasonably substantial enclosure, the kind sometimes associated with a household of local importance. Several later field banks cut across the enclosing elements, which is a common fate for raths absorbed into agricultural landscapes over succeeding centuries, their fabric gradually reshaped by the practical needs of generations of farmers who came long after.

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